An electron is a tiny particle that’s crucial in the atomic world. Imagine it as a super-small, negatively charged particle that zips around the nucleus of an atom, which is made up of protons and neutrons.
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Discovery:
The discovery of the electron dates back to the late 19th century. Scientists observed that cathode rays could be bent by electric and magnetic fields. This led them to think these rays were made of tiny, negatively charged particles. While J.J. Thomson (1856-1940) wasn’t the first to do these experiments, he’s credited with discovering the electron because he studied its properties and suggested that electrons are a fundamental part of all atoms.
Properties:
So, what makes electrons so special? Here are some key properties:
- Charge: Electrons carry a negative electric charge, which is fundamental in creating electric currents and chemical bonds.
- Mass: They are incredibly light! An electron’s mass is about 1/1836 that of a proton, making it almost negligible when we think about the overall mass of an atom.
- Behavior: Electrons are known for their wave-particle duality. This means they can behave like both particles and waves, which is a fascinating aspect of quantum mechanics.
- Location: Electrons are found in “clouds” around the nucleus of an atom, in regions called orbitals. These clouds define where you’re likely to find an electron at any given moment.
