Definition:
The hydrogen spectrum refers to the specific pattern of light wavelengths emitted by hydrogen atoms when they are heated. This pattern is unique and can be observed through a prism, showing distinct lines at certain wavelengths.
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Explanation:
- Emission of Light: When hydrogen gas is heated, it emits electromagnetic radiation. This radiation is a form of energy that can travel through space in the form of light.
- Passing Through a Prism: If you pass this emitted light through a prism, the different wavelengths of light are spread out. This process separates the light into its component colors, showing how the different wavelengths are distributed.
- Distinct Wavelengths: Unlike the continuous spectrum produced by a heated filament, hydrogen’s spectrum consists of only a few specific wavelengths. These are sharply defined and discrete, meaning the light emitted is at specific, individual wavelengths rather than a smooth gradient. For example, wavelengths like 656.3 nm and 486.1 nm are observed, with no radiation in between these values.
- Series of Lines: The hydrogen spectrum can be grouped into different series based on the wavelengths. These series are:
- Lyman Series: Located in the ultraviolet region.
- Balmer Series: Located in the visible region.
- Other Wavelengths: Besides the visible range, hydrogen also emits radiation in the ultraviolet and infrared regions. These are outside the visible spectrum and require special equipment to observe.
In summary, the hydrogen spectrum is a distinctive pattern of emission lines that results from the specific wavelengths of light hydrogen emits when it is excited. This pattern is not continuous but consists of separate, well-defined lines, grouped into various series based on their wavelength ranges.
